US Currency Outlook -- Forex Currency Pairs

August 10, 2008

Forex Forecast of Major Currency Pairs

The Global-View.com Month Ahead Currency Outlook is prepared weekly by the trading professionals at GVI Forex. For information on the GVI Forex Service Click Here

Broadly, it appears as though bubbles are bursting everywhere to the benefit of the USD and JPY. As suggested a week ago, the fortunes of the USD have been tied to the performance of crude oil. The crude market is in a bear pattern so the EUR/USD is finally in one as well. The slide on crude prices has been very uneven and so the EUR/USD trading pattern has been uneven as well. The focus of oil trade has shifted from supply concerns to demand destruction as the global economy slows. Another plus for the USD was a rather strange post-ECB press conference on August 7 when President Trichet said that the ECB had hiked rates even though it was expecting the Eurozone economy to slow. Bottom-line, it appeared the central bank was on the defensive and back-tracking on its hawkish policies. This development could prove to have been decisive in undermining the EUR/USD pair.

As for market dynamics, dealers suddenly are no longer the fence for EUR/USD in the short run, and decidedly lean in the direction of a higher USD in a longer term time perspective. Where this liquidation phase leads is anybody�s guess.

Click on chart for two year history

In Japan, no changes in monetary policy are in store for a good while into the future. There is no pressure for higher interest rates from the BOJ. The economy is currently presenting a more negative picture. No major shifts in the spread in the 2-yr bond spread between Japan and the U.S. is likely anytime soon.


Click on chart for two year history



The U.S. and Eurozone economies have been slowing. The U.S. is much further along in the process. Note below in the U.S. Monetary Policy outlook insert that official U.S. rates have reached a floor, but are not headed higher for a while.

UNITED STATES

GVI U.S. Feberal Reserve Bank Policy Meeting Preview Decision: September 18 at 18:15 GMT. Fed Funds rate: 2.00% Expected Decision: No rate change Short-term market sentiment contnues to exert a strong infuence on Fed policy decisions. On Tuesday August 4, the central bank held its fed funds target steady at 2.00%. The policy statement was seen as less hawkish than the previous announcement. Future policy decisions now will be data-dependent. FEDERAL RESERVE Policy Objective: The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee shall maintain long run growth of the monetary and credit aggregates commensurate with the economy's long run potential to increase production, so as to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. The chart above shows year/year core PCE for the U.S. relative to its its reported "comfort zone for this key price index. Headline and Core CPI figures are also shown.

The above monthly U.S. employment chart is included because its the most closely followed data release each month, and because one of the objectives of the Fed is to maximize employment.

The chart above shows the current three month libor rate, the current Fed funds target and where the futures markets are currently trading three month rates for the specified periods in the future. The chart also includes comparisons of where these futures rates were trading most recently, a week ago and four weeks ago. The chart provides a view on where the markets feel U.S. interest rates are headed.

The chart above shows the U.S. Fed Funds rate target, three month libor, and two- and ten-year bond yields over the past twelve months.

Major Currency Pairs - Currency Forecasts- Monthly Perspective

The ECB seems to be indicating that monetary policy is no longer in a tightening phase due to inflationary pressures (see policy insert below). The E-Z economy has been showing signs recently of rapid deterioration. Some wonder if M. Trichet will last much longer in his job.

EUROZONE

GVI European Central Bank Policy Meeting Preview Decision: September 4, 2008 at 11:45 GMT. ECB Refi rate: 4.00% Expected Decision: Steady policy. ECB policy is now on hold as the central bank awaits upcoming data. Key Eurozone PMI figures, which correlate well with GDP, are pointing to a developing economic slowdown. Inflation remains at an uncomfortable level as the Eurozone economy slows. ECB Policy Objective: The primary objective of the ECB's monetary policy is to maintain price stability. The ECB aims at inflation rates of below, but close to, 2% over the medium term. The chart above shows year/year HICP (Harmonized CPI) for the Eurozone relatrive to its "below 2%" target level.

The chart above shows the current three month libor rate, the current ECB "refi" rate target and where the futures markets are currently trading three month rates for the specified periods in the future. The chart also includes comparisons of where these futures rates were trading most recently, a week ago and four weeks ago. The chart provides a view on where the markets feel Eurozone interest rates are headed.

The chart above shows the ECB refi rate target, three month libor, and two- and ten-year bond yields over the past twelve months.

The Japanese economy is in a mixed state with inflation finally starting to show up in key price indices. Tokyo is not unhappy with a weakening JPY.

JAPAN

GVI BOJ Policy Meeting Preview Decision: July 15, 2008 Current Overnight Target Rate: 0.50% Expected decision: No change. Speculation about a future BOJ rate cut abounds. The economy has started to turn more mixed. The political situation also is unstable. BANK OF JAPAN Policy Objective: The Bank of Japan Law states that the Bank's monetary policy should be "aimed at, through the pursuit of price stability, contributing to the sound development of the national economy." The chart above shows year/year core nationwide CPI and the reported BOJ goal of between 0% and 2% for this price index.

The chart above shows the current three month libor rate, the current BOJ overnight rate target and where the futures markets are currently trading three month rates for the specified periods in the future. The chart also includes comparisons of where these futures rates were trading most recently, a week ago and four weeks ago. The chart provides a view on where the markets feel Japanese interest rates are headed.

The chart above shows the Japanese overnight rate target, three month libor, and two- and ten-year bond yields over the past twelve months.

The BOE cut rates at its April meeting as expected. Future rate reductions are on hold for now due to inflationary pressures. The U.K. economy has been showing signs of a sharp deterioration. The GBP has been under pressure due to worries about the deteriorating economy.

UNITED KINGDOM

GVI Bank of England Policy Meeting Preview Decision: September 4, 2008 at 11:00 GMT. BOE Repo Rate: 5.00% Expected Decision: Risk of -25bp rate cut. BOE policy makers continue to balance concerns about inflation against the risk of a slowing economy. Note below that both the U.K. Manufacturing and Services PMIs have turned south. Inflation data are a worry, but there is a risk that the economy might fall off a cliff. BANK OF ENGLAND Policy Objective: The Bank's monetary policy objective is to deliver price stability, low inflation, and, subject to that, to support the Government's economic objectives including those for growth and employment. Price stability is defined by the Government's inflation target of 2%. The chart above shows year/year CPI for the U.K. relative to its 2% target for this key price index.

The chart above shows the current three month libor rate, the current Repo Rate and where the futures markets are currently trading three month rates for the specified periods in the future. The chart also includes comparisons of where these futures rates were trading most recently, a week ago and four weeks ago. The chart provides a view on where the markets feel U.K. interest rates are headed.

The chart above shows the U.K. repo rate target, three month libor, and two- and ten-year bond yields over the past twelve months.

The Swiss National Bank tries to maintain a stable relationship of the CHF vs. the EUR. It is never pleased with weakness of the CHF against the EUR and could raise rates in response to an ECB policy tightening.

SWITZERLAND

GVI Swiss National Bank Policy Meeting Preview Decision: June 19 at 08:30 GMT. SNB 3mo Swiss libor target: 2.75% Expected Decision: Risk of +25bp The SNB had indicated that the peak in interest rates had been reached. However, intensifying inflationary pressures and a probable ECB rate hike in early July could tip the scale to higher rates. The Swiss CPI (see below) is well above its target ceiling of 2.0%. The SNB manages the value of the CHF as critical element of monetary poilcy. SWISS NATIONAL BANK Policy Objective: The National Bank equates price stability with a rise in the national consumer price index (CPI) of less than 2% per annum. In so doing, it takes account of the fact that not every price movement is necessarily inflationary. Furthermore, it believes that inflation cannot be measured accurately. Measurement problems arise, for example, when the quality of goods and services improves. Such changes are not properly accounted for in the CPI; as a result, inflation, as measured by the CPI, will be slightly overstated. The chart above shows year/year CPI and the Swiss goal of less than 2% for this price index.

The chart above shows the current three month libor rate, the current three-month Euro-Swiss target and where the futures markets are currently trading three month rates for the specified periods in the future. The chart also includes comparisons of where these futures rates were trading most recently, a week ago and four weeks ago. The chart provides a view on where the markets feel Swiss interest rates are headed.

The chart above shows the Swiss three-month Euro-swiss rate target, three month libor, and two- and ten-year bond yields over the past twelve months.

The Australian economy is clearly slowing. A key focus for the Reserve Bank of Australia remains above target inflation, plus strong employment and commodity demand. This has kept the AUD underpinned. Even though the Reserve Bank of Australia is still trying to rein in price pressures, a 25 bp rate cut is likely in September.

AUSTRALIA

GVI Reserve Bank of Australia Policy Meeting Preview Decision Anouncement: September 3, 2008 at 04:30 GMT. RBA Cash Rate Target: 7.25% Rate cut of -25bp likely. Inflation continues to be a problem for the Reserve Bank. Nevertheless, officials have started to focus on the slowing of the economy and have signaled a rate cuts liely starting with the September meeting. We expect a -25bp rate reduction at that meeting. RESERVE BANK OF AUSTRALIA Policy Objective: The policy objective is a target for consumer price inflation, of 2-3 per cent per annum. Monetary policy aims to achieve this over the medium term and, subject to that, to encourage the strong and sustainable growth in the economy. Controlling inflation preserves the value of money. In the long run, this is the principal way in which monetary policy can help to form a sound basis for long-term growth in the economy. The chart above shows year/year and the CPI target of 2% to 3% for this price index.

The chart above shows the current three month bank bill rate, the current Cash Rate target and where the futures markets are currently trading three month rates for the specified periods in the future. The chart also includes comparisons of where these futures rates were trading most recently, a week ago and four weeks ago. The chart provides a view on where the markets feel Australian interest rates are headed.

The chart above shows the Australian overnight rate target, three month bank bills, and two- and ten-year bond yields over the past twelve months.

Trading in the CAD had been volatile as the Bank of Canada was making aggressive rate cuts to keep pace with the Fed and to get ahead of a possible economic slowdown. No more rate reductions are in the pipeline.

CANADA

GVI Bank of Canada Policy Meeting Preview Decision: July 15 at 13:00 GMT. BOC Overnight Target Rate: 3.00% Expected Decision: no rate change. The Bank of Canada surprised the markets on June 10 by holding rates steady. It also clearly signaled that policy now is on hold. It said: "the Bank now judges that the current stance of monetary policy is appropriately accommodative to bring aggregate demand and supply into balance and to achieve the 2 per cent inflation target. There continue to be important downside and upside risks to inflation in Canada, which the Bank will monitor closely. BANK OF CANADA Policy Objective: The Bank of Canada aims to keep inflation at the 2 per cent target, the midpoint of the 1 to 3 per cent inflation-control target range. This target is expressed in terms of total CPI inflation, but the Bank uses a measure of core inflation as an operational guide. Core inflation provides a better measure of the underlying trend of inflation and tends to be a better predictor of future changes in the total CPI. The chart above shows year/year CPI-X (core CPI) and the target of 2% for this price index.

The chart above shows the current three month Banker Acceptance rate, the current BOC overnight rate target and where the futures markets are currently trading three month rates for the specified periods in the future. The chart also includes comparisons of where these futures rates were trading most recently, a week ago and four weeks ago. The chart provides a view on where the markets feel Canadian interest rates are headed.

The chart above shows the Canadian overnight rate target, three month Bankers Acceptance, and two- and ten-year bond yields over the past twelve months.

John M. Bland is a co-founder and partner of Global-View.com. Prior to Global-View.com, he was a Vice-President and senior dealer in a forex inter-bank and futures trading arm of a subsidiary (ContiCurrency) of the Continental Grain Company in NYC. Previous to that, he was one of the early members of the Chemical Bank corporate advisory service in NYC, and also worked in international liability management for that bank. John holds an MBA from the Hass School at the University of California at Berkeley and a bachelor�s degree in International Economics from Berkeley.